الإعدادات
يحدد هذا الدليل الإرشادي كيفية تصميم وتنفيذ واستدامة نهج الوقاية من الجريمة في الممارسة العملية. حيث يقر الدليل بأن الوقاية من الجريمة بشكل فعال يتجاوز إنفاذ القانون بشكل تفاعلي، ويتضمن تنسيقًا معقدًا عبر هيئات وقطاعات متعددة، تعمل معًا لما فيه صالح المجتمعات المحلية. ولا يعتمد النجاح في الوقاية من الجريمة على الهياكل والأدوات فحسب، بل يعتمد أيضًا على التغيير المؤسسي، وصنع القرار القائم على الشراكة، وموافقة المجتمع، مع الاستناد إلى السياق الثقافي واعتبارات حقوق الإنسان، بما في ذلك آليات الرقابة القوية. بالاعتماد على الممارسات الجيدة الدولية، يقدم هذا الدليل الإرشادي إطارًا منظمًا للعمل الشرطي الوقائي. حيث يطرح ست ركائز مترابطة للوقاية من الجريمة، تدعمها مبادئ وممارسات جنائية راسخة وهي: 1) المشاركة المجتمعية؛ 2) الاستخبارات؛ 3) الأمن المادي؛ 4) التصميم البيئي؛ 5) حل المشكلات الظرفية؛ و6) الحلول التقنية. يؤكد الدليل على أن هذه الركائز تكون أكثر فعالية عند تطبيقها بطريقة منسقة وتتكيف مع أنماط الجريمة المحلية والمخاطر والسياقات الاجتماعية. يسلط الدليل أيضًا الضوء على أهمية الحوكمة الواضحة وتحديد الأدوار على المستويات الوطنية والإقليمية والمحلية. كما يوضح مدى إمكانية مواءمة مهام الاستراتيجية الوطنية، والتنسيق الإقليمي، والتنفيذ المحلي لدعم التنفيذ والتعلم والتحسين المستمر. على مدار الدليل، يتم تركيز الاهتمام على الثقافة التنظيمية والتطوير المهني، ودور المشاركة المجتمعية، والحاجة إلى ضمان بقاء جهود الوقاية من الجريمة متمركزة حول الإنسان، ومحترمة لمبادئ ومعايير حقوق الإنسان، ومستجيبة لاحتياجات الضحايا والفئات الضعيفة. لدعم عملية التنفيذ، يحدد الدليل أيضًا أربعة وظائف أساسية هي: القائد الاستراتيجي للوقاية من الجريمة؛ مدير الوقاية من الجريمة؛ ممارس الوقاية من الجريمة؛ والاختصاصي البيئي للوقاية من الجريمة. تعكس هذه الأدوار الوظيفية معًا القدرات الاستراتيجية والإدارية والأدوار الوظيفية للممارسين والاختصاصيين اللازمة لتحويل السياسة الوطنية إلى تنسيق إقليمي فعال والتنفيذ على النطاق المحلي. تبرز هذه الوظائف قدرات وظيفية أساسية يمكن أن تتكيف مع في الهياكل القائمة أو تُدمج فيها اعتمادًا على السياق الوطني وذلك لدعم المساءلة الواضحة، والتطوير المهني، والقدرة المستدامة عبر نظام الوقاية من الجريمة. كما تؤكد هذه الوظائف على أهمية القيادة والشراكات والمشاركة المجتمعية والخبرة التقنية. علاوة على ذلك، يوفر هذا الدليل الإرشادي إطارًا عمليًا لنهج العمل الشرطي الوقائي، وذلك بتوضيح إمكانية عمل هياكل الحوكمة والأدوار المهنية المحددة ومجموعة الأدوات المتكاملة للوقاية من الجريمة معًا لدعم التنفيذ المنسق والتعلم والتحسين المستمر. ومن ثم فهو مُعَد ليكون مرجعًا عمليًا لواضعي السياسات وقادة إنفاذ القانون والشركاء الساعين إلى التحول نحو نموذج استباقي ووقائي للعمل الشرطي، كما أنه مصمم ليكون قابلاً للتكيف مع مختلف النظم القانونية والقدرات المؤسسية والسياقات الثقافية.
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