سبل مواجهة الجرائم الإرهابية العابرة للحدود

المراجع أولا: المراجع العربية

توفيق، نرمين (2024). مستقبل انتشار الحركات الإرهابية في إفريقيا خلال 2024. مركز المعلومات ودعم اتخاذ القرار. متوافر على الرابط التالي: https://www.idsc.gov.eg/Article/details/9169

الديني، يوسف (2019). ما بعد البغدادي: خطة «داعش» والانتشار الأفقي. صحيفة الشرق الأوسط اللندنية. متوافر على الرابط التالي: ما بعد البغدادي: خطة «داعش» والانتشار الأفقي (aawsat.com).

رجب، إيمان (2024). أهمية التعامل الإستراتيجي مع مكافحة تمويل الإرهاب: الفجوات وتوصيات مقترحة. ورقة مقدمة في ورشة إقليمية لبناء القدرات حول مكافحة تمويل الإرهاب في إطار تنفيذ الإستراتيجية العربية لمكافحة الإرهاب، مكتب الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة الإرهاب وجامعة نايف العربية للعلوم الأمنية والأمانة العامة لمجلس وزراء الداخلية العرب، الرياض، 30 إبريل - 2 مايو 2024.

عودة، ضياء (2024). «بين المركز والفرع» خارطة انتشار داعش حول العالم. الحرة. متوافر على الرابط التالي: «بين المركز والفرع».. خارطة انتشار تنظيم داعش حول العالم| الحرة (alhurra.com).

قنديل، غدي (2024). هجوم موسكو.. هل ينعش الجماعات الإرهابية في آسيا الوسطى؟ مركز الدراسات العربية الأوراسية.

مجلس وزراء الداخلية العرب (2024). جهود مجلس وزراء الداخلية العرب في مجال مكافحة الإرهاب. متوافر على الرابط التالي: جهود وإنجازات/ في مجال مكافحة الإرهاب (aim-council.org)

المراغي، إسلام (2022). تهديدات الجماعات الإرهابية على البحر الأحمر. مجلة أوراق الشرق الأوسط، العدد (93).

معاهدة منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي لمكافحة الإرهاب الدولي (1999). مكتبة حقوق الإنسان، جامعة مينيسوتا.

مكتب الأمم المتحدة المعني بالمخدرات والجريمة (2021). المقاتلون الإرهابيون الأجانب: دليل لمعاهد التدريب القضائي في بلدان الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا. الإصدار الأول، الأمم المتحدة، فيينا.

منظمة العفو الدولية (2016). يعاقبون على جرائم تنظيم «الدولة الإسلامية»: النازحون العراقيون يتعرضون للانتهاكات على أيدي الميليشيات والقوات الحكومية.

ثانيا: المراجع الانجليزية

Abizaid, C. (2023). A Survey of the 2023 Terrorism Threat Landscape. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Available at: A Survey of the 2023 Terrorism Threat Landscape | The Washington Institute

Abu Dhabi Police. (2013). Abu Dhabi Police. (2013). Iris Recognition prevents entry of 351,318 deportees across all UAE’s border points. Abu Dhabi Police.

Al-Hashimi, H. (2020). ISIS on the Iraqi-Syrian border: Thriving smuggling networks. Newlines Institute. Available at: https://newlinesinstitute.org/isis/isis-on-the-iraqi-syrian-border-thriving-smuggling-networks/

Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering & Global Center on Cooperative Security (2022). Financing and Facilitation of Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Returnees in Southeast Asia.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (2021). ASEAN Border Management Cooperation Roadmap. Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Avdan, N., & Omelicheva, M. (2021). Human Trafficking-Terrorism Nexus: When Violent Non-State Actors Engage in the Modern-Day Slavery.Journal of Conflict Resolution,65(9), 1576-1606.

Badurdeen, Fathima (2024). Cross-border Dynamics in Terrorist Mobility and Infiltration Along the East African Coastline. The French Institute of International Relations (Ifri).

Barkin, J. (2023). International Organization: Theories and Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan.

Boukhars, A. (2019). Barriers Versus Smugglers: Algeria and Morocco’s Battle for Border Security. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Byman, D. L. (2019). Road Warriors: Foreign Fighters in the Armies of Jihad. Oxford University Press.

Clarke, C. (2023). Trends in Terrorism: What’s on the Horizon in 2023? Foreign Policy Research Institute.

Cordesman, A. (2016). The Real Challenges of Security Cooperation with Our Arab Partners for the Next Administration. Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Department of the Treasury (2024). 2024 National Terrorist Financing Risk Assessment. Washington D.C.: Department of the Treasury.

European Commission (2023). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: Establishing the multiannual strategic policy for European integrated border management. European Commission.

Europol (2017). SOCTA Report of 2017 “Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment”, 2017.

Gilkes, S., & Segawa, K. (2015). Fencing Out Terrorism: Precedents for Kenya’s Security Barrier. Washington D.C.: Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

Hanlon, Q., & Herbert, M. M. (2015). Border Security Challenges in the Grand Maghreb. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.

Hassan, H. A. (2021). Trade and Security Cooperation in the Arab Maghreb Union Region. In K. Omeje, The Governance, Security and Development Nexus. Palgrave Macmillan.

Herbert, M. (2021). The Challenges of Coordinating Boder Management Assistance between Europe and the Maghreb. Migration Policy Institute. Transatlantic Council on Migration.

International Organization for Migration (2010). International Terrorism and Migration. International Organization for Migration.

Interpol (2024) To combat terrorism and transnational organized crime in the East African Region. I-EAC project.

Kao, K., Laborde, J.-P., Riordan, P., Brauders, D., Keun Yoon, H., Garcia, M. A., & Krumov, N. (2023). International Cooperation in Combating the Financing of Terrorism. In C. A. El Khoury, Countering the Financing of Terrorism Good Practices to Enhance Effectiveness (pp. 153-177). International Monetary Fund.

Kulić, S., & Bolhuis, M. P. (2023). The persistence of organized crime in post-caliphate Iraq: a case of crime-terror convergence?.Crime, Law and Social Change,80(5), 569-597.

Longo, M. (2017). The Politics of Borders: Sovereignty, Security, and the Citizen after 9/11. Cambridge University Press.

Mili, H., & Townsend, J. (2008, May). Human Smuggling and Trafficking. CTC Sentinel, 1(6).

National Intelligence Council (2021). Global Trends 2040: A more contested world. Washington D.C.: National Intelligence Council.

Office of Counterterrorism (2024). International Legal Instruments. Available at: https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/international-legal-instruments

Ragab, E.(2019). Terrorism and Organized Crime: Deconstructing the Nexus, a working paper presented in a workshop co-organized by AFRICOM and the NESA Center-National Defense University in Washington D.C., June 2019.

Ragab,E.(2018). Returning foreign terrorists: what type of security challenges are they posing?, IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook, 2018, Barcelona, IEMed.

Ragab, E. (2024). The security aspect of illegal migration policies in North Africa.

Rassler, D. (2024). Going the Distance: The Emergence of Long-Range Stand-off Terrorism. Vol 17, 2. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point.

PRISME (July 2024). https://prismeinitiative.org/blog/security-illegal-migration-policies-north-africa-eman-ragab/

Security Council (2017). Resolution (2396) Adopted by the Security Council at its 8148th meeting, on 21st December. United Nations.

Security Council (2020A). Eleventh report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed by ISIL (Da’esh) to international peace and security and the range of United Nations efforts in support of Member States in countering the threat. United Nations. S/2020/774. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3874983.

Security Council (2020B). Action Taken by Member States and the United Nations Entities to Address the Issue of Linkages Between Terrorism and Organized Crime. Report of the Secretary General. S/2020/754. United Nations.

Security Council (2024). Eighteenth report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed by ISIL (Da’esh) to international peace and security and the range of United Nations efforts in support of Member States in countering the threat. S/2024/117. United Nations.

Tehrani, P. M., & Manap, N. A. (2013). A rational jurisdiction for cyber terrorism. Computer Law & Security Review, 29(6), 689-701.

The Foreign Terrorist Fighter Knowledge Hub (2024). International Center for Counter Terrorism. Available at: Foreign Terrorist Fighters Knowledge Hub

United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism & Global Counterterrorism Forum (NA). Good Practices in the Area of Border Security and Management in the Context of Counterterrorism and Stemming the Flow of “Foreign Terrorist Fighters”.

United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre & International Criminal Police Organization (2023). Designing National Counter-terrorism Policy Responses to Counter the Use of New Technologies for Terrorist Purposes. United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre.

United Nations Development Programme (2019). Measuring the Economic Impact of Violent Extremism Leading to Terrorism in Africa. United Nations Development Programme.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2023). Links Between Smuggling of Migrants and Other Forms of Organized Crime Along the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (2024). The Nexus between Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism in Latin America, June 2024, pp. 15-16.

United States Department of Homeland Security (2018). U.S. Department of Homeland Security Northern Border Strategy. Washington D.C.: United States Department of Homeland Security.

United States Department of the State (2019). Country Report on Terrorism 2019.

United States Department of the State (2022). Country Report on Terrorism 2022.