اهتمت هذه الدراسة بالعوامل الاقتصادية وأثرها في التصدي لظاهرة الإرهاب في المنطقة العربية. وهذا الموضوع له العديد من الجوانب، ومن ثم كان التركيز على ثلاثة محاور أساسية تعكس الجوانب المختلفة له، وتتمثل هذه المحاور الثلاثة في: أثر العوامل الاقتصادية في انتشار ظاهرة الإرهاب، وأثر الإرهاب في الأبعاد الاقتصادية، سواء أكانت الكلية أم الجزئية أم القطاعية، وأخيرًا التكلفة الاقتصادية للإرهاب. وقد أوضحت التحليلات في هذه الدراسة أن المحددات الاقتصادية دورها ضعيف في تفسير انتشار ظاهرة الإرهاب بالدول العربية، سواء أكان ذلك فيما يتعلق بمستويات الدخول أم مستويات التعليم أم غيرها من المتغيرات الاقتصادية، التي حاول الباحثون بشكل عام تحديد إذا ما كان لها دور فاعل في تفسير ظاهرة الإرهاب. وبالرغم من تضاؤل أهمية الأبعاد الاقتصادية كمحددات للإرهاب في الدول العربية إلا أن الإرهاب في حد ذاته يؤدي بدوره إلى تدهور الأوضاع الاقتصادية، وهو ما يوفر بيئة خصبة لانتشار الإرهاب؛ أي إن تزامن الإرهاب مع سوء الأحوال الاقتصادية يخلق حلقة مفرغة منهما، ولكن يبقى الإرهاب في الدول العربية أساسه سياسي ومؤسسي وليس اقتصاديًّا.أما فيما يتعلق بالآثار الاقتصادية للإرهاب، فقد أوضحت الدراسة أن الإرهاب يؤثر بالسلب في معدلات النمو الاقتصادي، وذلك من خلال تأثيره في مجموعة من المتغيرات الاقتصادية كالاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والتجارة الدولية. وبالرغم من تأثر هذه المتغيرات بالسلب، وكذلك معدلات النمو للناتج المحلي الإجمالي، إلا أن أثر وتكلفة الإرهاب، وإن كانت قاسية وباهظة الثمن في وقتها، إلا أن مفعولها لا يمتد إلى فترات طويلة وسرعان ما يتعافى الاقتصاد، خاصة إذا ما تمت المقارنة بالأشكال الأخرى للعنف كالحروب الأهلية.وأوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات منها؛ ضرورة العمل على الاهتمام بتوفير سبل حياة سلمية للمواطنين مع العمل على توفير شبكة ضمان اجتماعي كفء، والاهتمام بالفقر الاجتماعي وليس المادي، والعمل على إنشاء مراكز أبحاث متخصصة بالإرهاب واقتصادياته في الدول العربية. وتقترح الدراسة إنشاء صندوق طوارئ للقطاعات الأكثر تضررًا من الإرهاب، ومشاركة الحكومة في التأمين الخاص بجوانب الإرهاب إذا لزم الأمر، وتفعيل دور السياسات الاقتصادية الكلية (المالية والنقدية) بالشكل اللازم حال التعرض إلى الإرهاب، وتنبه الدراسة إلى ضرورة أن تتعاون الدول العربية في هذا المجال بشكل أكبر.
أولًا: المراجع العربية
- بداينة، ذياب موسى (2010م). التنمية البشرية والإرهاب في الوطن العربي، ط1، الرياض: جامعة نايف العربية للعلوم الأمنية.
- القيسي، محمد مصطفى صبحي (2017م). مفهوم جريمة الإرهاب وفقًا للقوانين الوطنية والدولية، أطروحة دكتوراه، نابلس: جامعة النجاح الوطنية.
- الأمانة العامة لمجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية (٢٠٢٠م). إستراتيجية مكافحة الإرهاب https://www.gcc-sg.org/ar-sa/CooperationAndAchievements/Achievements/SecurityCooperation/Achievements/Pages/FourthCooperationinthefieldofc.aspx.
- مجلس وزراء الداخلية العرب (2020). جهود مكافحة الإرهاب
https://www.aim-council.org/efforts-and-achievements/In-the-fight-against-terrorism/
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