مقاييس نموذجية لتقييم درجة خطورة نزلاء المؤسسات العقابية والإصلاحية

المؤلفون

عبد الحفيظ مقدم
كلية علوم الجريمة، جامعة نايف العربية للعلوم الأمنية، الرياض، المملكة العربية السعودية.
عبد العزيز بن حسين
كلية التربية، جامعة الملك سعود، الرياض، المملكة العربية السعودية.

الكلمات المفتاحية:

تقييم الخطورة الإجرامية، مقاييس تقييم خطر العنف، النموذج الأكتواري، نموذج الحكم المهني المنظم

موجز

 

قدمت هذه الدراسة لمحةً عن الوضع الحالي لمقاييس تقييم الخطورة الإجرامية، وتستعرض المقاييس الأكثر استخدامًا في التقييم والتنبؤ بخطر العنف لدى نزلاء المؤسسات العقابية والإصلاحية. وتكشف الدراسة نشأة وتطور هذه المقاييس وأنواعها منذ نهاية العشرينيات من القرن الماضي، إلى الحركة البحثية المتنامية في الثمانينيات. وقد تم تصنيف هذه المقاييس إلى أربعة نماذج أساسية مرتبة حسب تطورها التاريخي، وهي: أولًا: النموذج الإكلينيكي الذي يعتمد على الحكم الذاتي للقضاة وضباط السجون والممارسين الصحيين في تقييم خطر العنف. ونظرًا لاعتماد هذه الطريقة على الخبرة الشخصية في غياب معايير موضوعية فقد أكدت الدراسات أن تقييمها لا يتعدى احتمال الصدفة. ثانيًا: النموذج الأكتواري الإحصائي، الذي جاء نتيجة للانتقادات الموجهة للنموذج السابق، والذي يقوم على افتراض أن السلوك الماضي يُعْتَبَر مؤشرًا للتنبؤ بالسلوك المستقبلي، والذي يستخدم الخوارزميات الإحصائية للتنبؤ بخطر العنف من خلال المعلومات التاريخية للفرد. ومن عيوب هذه الطريقة الاكتفاء بالعوامل التاريخية، وعدم أخذها بالعوامل الدينامية الحالية في تقييم الخطورة. ثالثًا: نموذج حكم المهنيين المنظم، الذي يحاول تجنب عيوب الطريقتين السابقتين، حيث يجمع بين العوامل التاريخية والإكلينيكية التي ترتبط بالجريمة، إلى جانب تقدير الخبراء والممارسين الصحيين. رابعًا: نموذج دمج المراقبة المنظمة للأفراد مع إدارة الخطر، الذي يستهدف تعظيم فوائد العلاج والتأهيل للنزلاء لتخفيض الخطورة الإجرامية.

أولاً: المراجع العربية

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صورة الغلاف

منشور

2022-11-09

الإلكتروني ISSN

1658-8770

المطبوع ISSN

1658-8762

Details about this monograph

ISBN-13 (15)

978-603-8361-24-5

Publication date (01)

2022-11-09

الأبعاد