أساسيات البحث في علم الجريمة والعدالة الجنائية: علم وفن إجراء البحوث وتقييمها واستخدامها

Abbott, Andrew. 2004. Methods of Discovery: Heuristics for the Social Sciences. New York: Norton.

Abbott, Andrew. 1997. “Of Time and Space: The Contemporary Relevance of the Chicago School.” Social Forces 75:1149–1182.

Acock, Alan A. 2013. Discovering Structural Equation Modeling Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.

Agnew, Robert. 2005. Why Do Criminals Offend? A General Theory of Crime and Delinquency. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.

Agnew, Robert. 1992. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” Criminology 30:47–87.

Akers, Ronald L., Christine S. Sellers, and Wesley G. Jennings. 2016. Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application. 7th edition. New York: Oxford.

Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindedness. New York: The New Press.

Allen, Francis A. 1954. “Pioneers in Criminology: IV – Raffaele Garofalo (1852–1934).” Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science 45:373–390.

Allison, Paul D. 2002. Missing Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Allison, Paul D. 2000. “Multiple Imputation for Missing Data: A Cautionary Tale.” Sociological Methods and Research 28:301–309.

Allison, Paul D. 1999. Multiple Regression: A Primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Altschuler, Albert W. 2015. “A Nearly Perfect System for Convicting the Innocent.” Albany Law Review 79:919–940.

Altschuler, Albert W. 1975. “The Defense Attorney’s Role in Plea Bargaining.” Yale Law Journal 84:1179–1314.

Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: Norton.

Angrist, Joshua D. 2006. “Instrumental Variables Methods in Experimental Criminological Research: What, Why, and How?” Journal of Experimental Criminology 2:23–44.

Apel, Robert J., and Gary Sweeten. 2010. “Propensity Score Matching in Criminology and Criminal Justice,” in Alex R. Piquero and David Weisburd (eds.), The Handbook of Quantitative Criminology. New York: Springer, pp. 543–562.

Applegate, Brandon K. 2016. “President’s Message.” ACJS Today 41:2–3.

Auty, Katherine M., Aiden Cope, and Alison Liebling. 2017. “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Yoga and Mindfulness Meditation in Prison: Effects on Psychological Well-Being and Behavioural Functioning.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61:689–710.

Bachman, Ronet D. and Raymond Paternoster. 2017. Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice. 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bachman, Ronet D. and Russell K. Schutt. 2018. Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice. 4th edition. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Bailey, Kenneth D. 1994. Typologies and Taxonomies: An Introduction to Classification Techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bardach, Eugene. 2012. A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving. 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bardach, Eugene. 2004. “Presidential Address – the Extrapolation Problem: How Can We Learn from the Experience of Others?” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 23:205–220.

Barker, Vanessa. 2009. The Politics of Imprisonment: How the Democratic Process Shapes the Way America Punishes Offenders. New York: Oxford University Press.

Barlow, Hugh D. and Scott H. Decker (eds.). 2010. Crime and Public Policy: Putting Theory to Work. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

Barnes, J. C., John P. Wright, Brian B. Boutwell, Joseph A. Schwartz, Eric J. Connolly, Joseph L. Nedelec, and Kevin M. Beaver. 2014. “Demonstrating the Validity of Twin Research in Criminology.” Criminology 52:588–626.

Barry, John M. 2005. The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History. New York: Penguin.

Bartol, Curt R. and Anne M. Bartol. 2017. Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach. 11th edition. New York: Pearson.

Basu, Onker N., Mark W. Dirsmith, and Parveen P. Gupta. 1999. “The Coupling of the Symbolic and the Technical in an Institutionalized Context: The Negotiated Order of the GAO’s Audit Reporting Process.” American Sociological Review 64:506–526.

Baumer, Eric P. 2013. “Reassessing and Redirecting Research on Race and Sentencing.” Justice Quarterly 30:231–261.

Baumer, Eric P. and Janet L. Lauritsen. 2010. “Reporting Crime to the Police, 1973–2005: A Multivariate Analysis of Long-Term Trends in the National Crime Survey (NCS) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS).” Criminology 48:131–185.

Beaver, Kevin M. 2016. Biosocial Criminology: A Primer. 3rd edition. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

Beaver, Kevin M., Matt DeLisi, Daniel P. Mears, and Eric A. Stewart. 2009. “Low Self-Control and Contact with the Criminal Justice System in a Nationally Representative Sample of Males.” Justice Quarterly 26:695–715.

Beccaria, Cesare. 1986 [1764]. An Essay on Crimes and Punishment. Translated by David Young. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing.

Becker, Howard S. 1998. Tricks of the Trade: How to Think about your Research while You’re Doing It. University of Chicago Press.

Becker, Howard S. 1991. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press.

Becker, Peter and Richard F. Wetzell (eds.). 2006. Criminals and their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Beebee, Helen, Christopher Hitchcock, and Huw Price. 2017. Making a Difference: Essays on the Philosophy of Causation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Benforado, Adam. 2016. Unfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice. New York: Penguin.

Berger, Bennett M. (ed.). 1990. Authors of their own Lives: Intellectual Autobiographies by Twenty American Sociologists. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Berger, Joseph and Morris Zelditch, Jr. (eds.). 1993. Theoretical Research Pro- grams: Studies in the Growth of Theory. Stanford University Press.

Berger, Peter L. and Thomas Luckmann. 1967. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

Berk, Richard A. 2012. Criminal Justice Forecasts of Risk: A Machine Learning Approach. New York: Springer.

Berk, Richard A. 2008. “Forecasting Methods in Crime and Justice.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 4:219–238.

Berk, Richard A. 1983. “An Introduction to Sample Selection Bias in Sociological Data.” American Sociological Review 48:386–398.

Berk, Richard A. and Justin Bleich. 2013. “Statistical Procedures for Forecasting Criminal Behavior: A Comparative Assessment.” Criminology and Public Policy 12:513–544.

Berk, Richard A. and Peter H. Rossi. 1997. Just Punishment: Federal Guidelines and Public Views Compared. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Berlin, Isaiah. 1953. The Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy’s View of History. New York: Simon & Shuster.

Bernard, Thomas J. and Robin S. Engel. 2001. “Conceptualizing Criminal Justice Theory.” Justice Quarterly 18:1–30.

Bernard, Thomas J., Eugene A. Paoline III, and Paul-Philippe Pare. 2005. “General Systems Theory and Criminal Justice.” Journal of Criminal Justice 33:203–211.

Bibas, Stephanos. 2004. “Plea Bargaining outside the Shadow of Trial.” Harvard Law Review 117:2463–2547.

Black, Donald. 2010. The Behavior of Law. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing.

Blalock, Hubert M., Jr. 1994. “Why Have We Failed to Systematize Reality’s Complexities?” in Jerald Hage (ed.), Formal Theory in Sociology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pp. 121–136.

Blalock, Hubert M., 1989. “Toward Cumulative Knowledge: Theoretical and Methodological Issues,” in Crossroads of Social Science: The ICPSR 25th Anniversary Volume. New York: Agathon Press, pp. 15–37.

Blalock, Hubert M., 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: Wiley.

Blalock, Hubert M., 1964. Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. New York: Norton.

Blomberg, Thomas G., Julie M. Brancale, Kevin M. Beaver, and William D. Bales (eds.). 2016. Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy. New York: Routledge.

Blumberg, Abraham S. 1967. “The Practice of Law as Confidence Game: Organizational Cooptation of a Profession.” Law and Society Review 1:15–40.

Blumstein, Alfred. 1997. “Interaction of Criminological Research and Public Policy.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 12:349–362.

Blumstein, Alfred and Kiminori Nakamura. 2009. “Redemption in the Presence of Widespread Criminal Background Checks.” Criminology 47:327–359.

Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. 2005. The Craft of Research. University of Chicago Press.

Bosworth, Mary and Carolyn Hoyle (eds.). 2011. What Is Criminology? New York: Oxford University Press.

Bottoms, Anthony E. 1999. “Interpersonal Violence and Social Order in Prisons,” in Michael H. Tonry and Joan Petersilia (eds.), Prisons. University of Chicago Press, pp. 205–282.

Bradburn, Norman M., Seymour Sudman, and Brian Wansink. 2004. The Definitive Guide to Questionnaire Design – for Market Research, Political Polls, and Social and Health Questionnaires. 2nd edition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Braga, Anthony A., Andrew V. Papachristos, and David M. Hureau. 2014. “The Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Justice Quarterly 31:633–663.

Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame, and Reintegration. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Brayne, Sarah. 2017. “Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing.” American Sociological Review 82:977–1008.

Breen, Richard. 2009. “Formal Theory in the Social Sciences,” in Peter Hedstršm and Bjšrn Wittrock (eds.), Frontiers of Sociology. Leiden: Brill, pp. 209–230.

Bridges, F. Stephen, Kimberly M. Tatum, and Julie C. Kunselman. 2008. “Domestic Violence Statutes and Rates of Intimate Partner and Family Homicide.” Criminal Justice Policy Review 19:117–130.

Brown, Timothy A. 2015. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: The Guilford Press.

Burnyeat, M. F. 1976. “Protagoras and Self-Refutation in Later Greek Philosophy.” The Philosophical Review 85:44–69.

Burstein, Paul. 2014. American Public Opinion, Advocacy, and Policy in Congress: What the Public Wants and What It Gets. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Burt, Callie H. and Ronald L. Simons. 2014. “Pulling Back the Curtain on Heritability Studies: Biosocial Criminology in the Postgenomic Era.” Criminology 52:223–262.

Bushway, Shawn and Robert Apel. 2010. “Instrumental Variables in Criminology and Criminal Justice,” in Alex R. Piquero and David Weisburd (eds.), Handbook of Quantitative Criminology. New York: Springer, pp. 595–612.

Bushway, Shawn D., Allison D. Redlich, and Robert J. Norris. 2014. “An Explicit Test of Plea Bargaining in the ‘Shadow of the Trial.’” Criminology 52:723–754.

Butts, Jeffrey A. and John Roman (eds.). 2004. Juvenile Drug Courts and Teen Substance Abuse. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.

Campbell, John L., Charles Quincy, Jordan Osserman, and Ove K. Pedersen. 2013. “Coding In-Depth Semistructured Interviews: Problems of Unitization and Inter- coder Reliability and Agreement.” Sociological Methods and Research 42:294–320.

Campbell, Michael C. 2014. “The Emergence of Penal Extremism in California: A Dynamic View of Institutional Structures and Political Processes.” Law and Society Review 48:377–409.

Carlson, Christoffer and Jerzy Sarnecki. 2015. An Introduction to Life-Course Criminology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Carpenter, James R., Michael G. Kenward, and Stijn Vansteelandt. 2006. “A Comparison of Multiple Imputation and Doubly Robust Estimation for Analyses with Missing Data.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 169:571–584.

Carson, E. Ann. 2016. Prisoners in 2015. Washington DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Caulkins, Jonathan P. and Peter Reuter. 2017. “Dealing More Effectively and Humanely with Illegal Drugs.” Crime and Justice 46:95–158.

Cauvain, Stanley. 2015. Technology of Breadmaking. New York: Springer.

Chalfin, Aaron. 2014. “What Is the Contribution of Mexican Immigration to U.S. Crime Rates? Evidence from Rainfall Shocks in Mexico.” American Law and Economics Review 16:220–268.

Chamberlain, John M. 2013. Understanding Criminological Research: A Guide to Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Chan, Janet and Lyria B. Moses. 2016. “Is Big Data Challenging Criminology?” Theoretical Criminology 20:21–39.

Charmaz, Kathy. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Chawla, Dalmeet S. 2017. “Big Names in Statistics Want to Shake Up Much- Maligned P-Value.” Nature 548:16–17.

Cicourel, Aaron V. 1976 [1968]. The Social Organization of Juvenile Justice. London: Heinemann Educational Books.

Clear, Todd R. 2001. “Has Academic Criminal Justice Come of Age? ACJS Presidential Address.” Justice Quarterly 18:709–726.

Clear, Todd R. and Natasha A. Frost. 2013. The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and Fall of the Grand Social Experiment in Mass Incarceration. New York University Press.

Cochran, Joshua C. and Daniel P. Mears. 2017. “The Path of Least Desistance: Inmate Compliance and Recidivism.” Justice Quarterly 34:431–458.

Cochran, Joshua C. and Daniel P. Mears. 2013. “Social Isolation and Inmate Behavior: A Conceptual Framework for Theorizing Prison Visitation and Guiding and Assessing Research.” Journal of Criminal Justice 41:252–261.

Cohen, Lawrence E. and Kenneth C. Land. 1984. “Discrepancies between Crime Reports and Crime Surveys: Urban and Structural Determinants.” Criminology 22:499–530.

Cole, Stephen. 1975. “The Growth of Scientific Knowledge: Theories of Deviance as a Case Study,” in Lewis A. Coser (ed.), The Idea of Social Structure: Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton. New York: Harcourt, pp. 175–220.

Contreras, Randol. 2013. The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence, and the Ameri- can Dream. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Cooper, Harris M. 2017. Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach. 5th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Cooper, Jonathon and John L. Worrall. 2012. “Theorizing Criminal Justice Evaluation and Research.” Criminal Justice Review 37:384–397.

Copes, Heith (ed.). 2012. Advancing Qualitative Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Routledge.

Copp, Jennifer E., Peggy C. Giordano, Wendy D. Manning, and Monica A. Long- more. 2016. “Couple-Level Economic/Career Concerns and Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood.” Journal of Marriage and Family 78:744–758.

Corbett, Ronald P., Jr. 2015. “The Burdens of Leniency: The Changing Face of Probation.” Minnesota Law Review 99:1697–1733.

Corbin, Juliet and Anselm Strauss. 1990. “Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria.” Qualitative Sociology 13:3–21.

Cowburn, Malcolm, Loraine Gelsthorpe, and Azrini Wahidin (eds.). 2017. Research Ethics in Criminology: Dilemmas, Issues, and Solutions. New York: Routledge.

Crank, John P. and Blythe M. Bowman. 2008. “What Is Good Criminal Justice Theory?” Journal of Criminal Justice 36:563–572.

Creswell, John W. and Vicki L. Plano Clark. 2011. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Cullen, Francis T. 2005. “The Twelve People Who Saved Rehabilitation: How the Science of Criminology Made a Difference.” Criminology 43:1–42.

Cullen, Francis T., Bonnie S. Fisher, and Brandon K. Applegate. 2000. “Public Opinion about Punishment and Corrections.” Crime and Justice 27:1–79.

Cullen, Francis T. and Karen E. Gilbert. 2013. Reaffirming Rehabilitation. 2nd edition. Waltham, MA: Anderson/Elsevier.

Cullen, Francis T., Cheryl L. Jonson, and Daniel P. Mears. 2017. “Reinventing Community Corrections.” Crime and Justice 46:27–93.

Cullen, Francis T., Cheryl L. Jonson, Andrew J. Myer, and Freda Adler (eds.). 2011a. The Origins of American Criminology. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Cullen, Francis T., Cheryl L. Jonson, and Daniel S. Nagin. 2011b. “Prisons Do Not Reduce Recidivism: The High Cost of Ignoring Science.” Prison Journal 91:48S-65S.

Cullen, Francis T. and Steven F. Messner. 2007. “The Making of Criminology Revisited: An Oral History of Merton’s Anomie Paradigm.” Theoretical Criminology 11:5–37.

Cullen, Francis T., Travis C. Pratt, and Jillian J. Turanovic. 2016. “It’s Hopeless: Beyond Zero-Tolerance Supervision.” Criminology and Public Policy 15:1–13.

Cullen, Francis T. and Brenda Vose. 2014. “How to Be a Successful Graduate Student.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 30:362–377.

Cullen, Francis T. and Pamela Wilcox (eds.). 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.

Daigle, Leah E. and Lisa R. Muftic. 2016. Victimology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Dantzker, Mark L., Ronald D. Hunter, and Susan T. Quinn. 2018. Research Methods for Criminology and Criminal Justice. 4th edition. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Danziger, Shai, Jonathan Levav, and Liora Avnaim-Pesso. 2011. “Extraneous Factors in Judicial Decisions.” PNAS 108:6889–6892.

Darwin, Charles. 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London: John Murray.

Davies, Pamela, Peter Francis, and Victor Jupp (eds.). 2011. Doing Criminological Research. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Davis, Robert C., Barbara E. Smith, and Bruce Taylor. 2003. “Increasing the Proportion of Domestic Violence Arrests that Are Prosecuted: A Natural Experiment in Milwaukee.” Criminology and Public Policy 2:263–282.

Decker, Scott H. 2015. “From Theory to Policy and Back Again,” in Alex R. Piquero (ed.), The Handbook of Criminological Theory. New York: Wiley, pp. 380–394.

Deigh, John and David Dolinko (eds.). 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Criminal Law. New York: Oxford University Press.

DeLisi, Matt and Michael G. Vaughn (eds.). 2015. The Routledge International Handbook of Biosocial Criminology. New York: Routledge.

Denver, Megan, Justin T. Pickett, and Shawn D. Bushway. 2017. “The Language of Stigmatization and the Mark of Violence: Experimental Evidence on the Social Construction and Use of Criminal Record Stigma.” Criminology 55:664–690.

Devroye, Jennifer. 2010. “The Rise and Fall of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 100:7–32.

Dillman, Don A., Jolene D. Smyth, and Leah M. Christian. 2014. Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Dixon, Travis. 2008. “Crime News and Racialized Beliefs: Understanding the Relationship between Local News Viewing and Perceptions of African Americans and Crime.” Journal of Communication 58:106–125.

Dooley, Brendan D. and Jason Rydberg. 2014. “Irreconcilable Differences? Examining Divergences in the Orientations of Criminology and Criminal Justice Scholarship, 1951–2008.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 25:84–105.

Dubin, Robert. 1978. Theory Building. 2nd edition. New York: Free Press.

Duffee, David E. 2015. “Why Is Criminal Justice Theory Important?” in Edward R. Maguire and David E. Duffee (eds.), Criminal Justice Theory: Explaining the Nature and Behavior of Criminal Justice. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, pp. 5–26.

Dugan, Laura and Erica Chenoweth. 2012. “Moving beyond Deterrence: The Effectiveness of Raising the Expected Utility of Abstaining from Terrorism in Israel.” American Sociological Review 77:597–624.

Duncan, Otis D. 1966. “Path Analysis: Sociological Examples.” American Journal of Sociology 72:1–16.

Durkheim, Emile. 1933 [1893]. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press.

Durlauf, Steven N. and Daniel S. Nagin. 2011. “Imprisonment and Crime: Can Both Be Reduced?” Criminology and Public Policy 10:13–54.

Eck, John E. 2010. “Policy Is in the Details: Using External Validity to Help Policy Makers.” Criminology and Public Policy 9:859–866.

Ekland-Olson, Sheldon and Jack P. Gibbs. 2018. Science and Sociology: Predictive Power Is the Name of the Game. New York: Routledge.

Elkhorne, J. L. 1967. “Edison: The Fabulous Drone.” 73 Magazine 46(3):52–54.

Ellenberg, Jordan. 2014. How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking. New York: Penguin.

Elliott, Anthony (ed.). 1999. Contemporary Social Theory. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Elliott, Deni and Judy E. Stern (eds.). 1997. Research Ethics: A Reader. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

Ellis, Havelock. 1913 [1890]. The Criminal. 4th edition. New York: Scribner and Welford.

Ellis, Lee. 2002. “Denominational Differences in Self-Reported Delinquency,” in Thomas P. O’Connor and Nathaniel J. Pallone (eds.), Religion, the Community, and the Rehabilitation of Criminal Offenders. New York: Haworth Press, pp. 185–198.

Emerson, Robert M. 1969. Judging Delinquents: Context and Process in Juvenile Court. Chicago, IL: Aldine de Gruyter.

Engel, Robin S. and Michael R. Smith. 2009. “Perceptual Distortion and Reasonableness during Police Shootings: Law, Legitimacy, and Future Research.” Criminology and Public Policy 8:141–151.

Entman, Robert M. and Andrew Rojecki. 2000. The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America. University of Chicago Press.

Fagan, Abigail and Andrea M. Lindsey. 2015. “Neighborhood-Based Prevention of Delinquency,” in Marvin Krohn and Jodi Lane (eds.), The Handbook of Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice. New York: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 387–404.

Fagin, Dan. 2013. Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation. New York: Random House.

Farabee, David. 2005. Rethinking Rehabilitation: Why Can’t We Reform Our Criminals? Washington DC: The AEI Press.

Farrington, David P. 2003a. “Developmental and Life-Course Criminology: Key Theoretical and Empirical Issues – the 2002 Sutherland Award Address.” Criminology 41:221–225.

Farrington, David P. 2003b. “Methodological Quality Standards for Evaluation Research.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 587:49–68.

Farrington, David P. and Brandon C. Welsh (eds.). 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention. New York: Oxford University Press.

Farrington, David P. and Brandon C. Welsh 2005. “Randomized Experiments in Criminology: What Have We Learned in the Last Two Decades?” Journal of Experimental Criminology 1:9–38.

Feagin, Joe R., Anthony M. Orum, and Gideon Sjoberg (eds.). 1991. A Case for the Case Study. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Feeley, Malcolm M. 1979. The Process Is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Feeley, Malcolm M. 1973. “Two Models of the Criminal Justice System: An Organizational Perspective.” Law & Society Review 7:407–426.

Feld, Barry C. 2017. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court: Race, Politics, and the Criminalizing of the Juvenile Court. New York University Press.

Feld, Barry C. and Donna M. Bishop (eds.). 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

Feldmeyer, Ben, Patricia Warren, Sonja E. Siennick, and Melisa Neptune. 2015. “Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Threat: Is There a New Criminal Threat on State Sentencing?” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 52:62–92.

Felson, Marcus. 2017. “Criminology’s First Paradigm,” in Nick Tilley and Aiden Sidebottom (eds.), Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, pp. 22–31.

Flanagan, Timothy J. and Dennis R. Longmire (eds.). 1996. Americans View Crime and Justice: A National Public Opinion Survey. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Forer, Lois G. 1994. A Rage to Punish: The Unintended Consequences of Manda- tory Sentencing. New York: Norton.

Forst, Brian. 2004. Errors of Justice: Nature, Sources, and Remedies. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Freese, Lee. 1972. “Cumulative Sociological Knowledge.” American Sociological Review 37:472–482.

Frost, Natasha and Carlos Monteiro. 2016. “Administrative Segregation in U.S. Prisons,” in Marie Garcia (ed.), Restrictive Housing in the U.S.: Issues, Challenges, and Future Directions. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice, pp. 1–48.

Gaes, Gerald G., Scott D. Camp, Julianne B. Nelson, and William G. Saylor. 2004. Measuring Prison Performance: Government Privatization and Accountability. New York: AltaMira Press.

Garland, David. 2013. “The 2012 Sutherland Address: Penality and the Penal State.” Criminology 51:475–517.

Garland, David. 2001. The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Con- temporary Society. University of Chicago Press.

Garofalo, Raffaele. 1885. Criminologia: Studio sul Delitto, Sulle sue Cause e sui Mezzi di Repressione. Turin, Italy: Fratelli Bocca.

Gartner, Rosemary, D. Wayne Osgood, and Eric Baumer. 2012. “Salami-Slicing, Peek-a-Boo, and LPUS: Addressing the Problem of Piecemeal Publication.” The Criminologist 37:23–25.

Gastil, Raymond D. 1971. “Homicide and a Regional Culture of Violence.” Ameri- can Sociological Review 36:412–427.

Gawande, Atul. 2009. The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. New York: Henry Holt.

Gawande, Atul. 2007. Better: A Surgeon’s Notes on Performance. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.

Geis, Gilbert. 1996. “The Heavy Electrical Equipment Antitrust Cases: Price-Fixing Techniques and Rationalizations,” in M. David Ermann and Richard J. Lundman (eds.), Corporate and Governmental Deviance: Problems of Organizational Behavior in Contemporary Society. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 98–117.

General Accounting Office, US. 2003. Justice Outcome Evaluations: Design and Implementation of Studies Require More NIJ Attention. Washington DC: US General Accounting Office.

General Accounting Office, US. 1998. Performance Measurement and Evaluation: Definitions and Relationships. Washington DC: US General Accounting Office.

George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett. 2004. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B., Diana R. Grant, and Chau-Pu Chiang. 2003. “Hate Online: A Content Analysis of Extremist Internet Sites.” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 3:29–44.

Gertz, Clifford. 2017. The Interpretation of Cultures. 3rd edition. New York: Hachette.

Gibbs, Jack P. 1997. “Seven Dimensions of the Predictive Power of Sociological Theories.” National Journal of Sociology 11:1–28.

Gibbs, Jack P. 1989. Control: Sociology’s Central Notion. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Gibbs, Jack P. 1985. “The Methodology of Theory Construction in Criminology,” in :Robert F. Meier (ed.), Theoretical Methods in Criminology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, pp. 23–50.

Gibbs, Jack P. 1982. “Evidence of Causation.” Current Perspectives in Social Theory 3:93–127.

Gibbs, Jack P. 1975. Crime, Punishment and Deterrence. New York: Elsevier.

Gibbs, Jack P. 1972. Sociological Theory Construction. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press.

Gibson, Chris L. and Marvin D. Krohn. 2013. Handbook of Life-Course Criminology: Emerging Trends and Directions for Future Research. New York: Springer.

Glueck, Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck. 1950. Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.

Goffman, Alice. 2014. On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. University of Chicago Press.

Goffman, Erving. 1989. “On Fieldwork.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 18:123–132.

Goffman, Erving. 1962. Asylums. Chicago, IL: Aldine.

Goode, Erich (ed.). 2008. Out of Control: Assessing the General Theory of Crime. Stanford University Press.

Gottfredson, Denise C., Stacy S. Najaka, and Brook Kearley. 2003. “Effectiveness of Drug Treatment Courts: Evidence from a Randomized Trial.” Criminology and Public Policy 2:171–196.

Gottfredson, Michael R. and Travis Hirschi. 1990. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford University Press.

Gottschalk, Marie. 2013. “The Carceral State and the Politics of Punishment,” in Jonathan Simon and Richard Sparks (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Punishment and Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 205–241.

Gottschalk, Marie. 2011. “The Past, Present, and Future of Mass Incarceration in the United States.” Criminology and Public Policy 10:483–504.

Gottschalk, Marie. 2006. The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gould, Mark. 1987. Revolution in the Development of Capitalism. Beverly Hills, CA: University of California Press.

Gould, Stephen J. 2003. The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Magister’s Pox. New York: Harmony Press.

Gould, Stephen J. 2002. I Have Landed: The End of a Beginning in Natural History. New York: Norton.

Gove, Walter R., Michael Hughes, and Michael Geerken. 1985. “Are Uniform Crime Reports a Valid Indicator of the Index Crimes? An Affirmative Answer with Minor Qualifications.” Criminology 23:451–502.

Green, Donald P. and Daniel Winik. 2010. “Using Random Judge Assignments to Estimate the Effects of Incarceration and Probation on Recidivism among Drug Offenders.” Criminology 48:357–387.

Griffin, Marie L. and John R. Hepburn. 2013. “Inmate Misconduct and the Institutional Capacity for Control.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 40:270–388.

Groopman, Jerome. 2007. How Doctors Think. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

Groopman, Jerome and Pamela Hartzband. 2011. Your Medical Mind: How to Decide What Is Right for You. New York: Penguin Press.

Guo, Shenyang and Mark W. Fraser. 2010. Propensity Score Analysis: Statistical Models and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hagan, John. 1989. “Why Is there so Little Criminal Justice Theory? Neglected Macro- and Micro-Level Links between Organization and Power.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 26:116–135.

Hage, Jerald (ed.). 1994. Formal Theory in Sociology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Hagenaars, Jacques A. and Allan L. McCutcheon. 2002. Applied Latent Class Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hammond, Phillip E. (ed.). 1964. Sociologists at Work: The Craft of Social Research. New York: Basic Books.

Haney, Craig, Curtis Banks, and Philip G. Zimbardo. 1973. “Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison.” International Journal of Criminology and Penology 1:69–97.

Harring, Sidney. 1983. Policing in a Class Society: The Experience of American Cities, 1865–1915. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Harris, Richard. 2017. Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions. New York: Basic Books.

Hassin, Ran R., Kevin N. Ochsner, and Yaacov Trope (eds.). 2010. Self-Control in Society, Mind, and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hatry, Harry P. 2006. Performance Measurement: Getting Results. 2nd edition. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.

Hay, Carter and Ryan Meldrum. 2016. Self-Control and Crime over the Life Course. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

He, Hua, Jun Hu, and Jiang He. 2016. “Overview of Propensity Score Methods,” in Hua He, Pan Wu, and Ding-Geng (Din) Chen (eds.), Statistical Causal Inferences and their Applications in Public Health Research. New York: Springer, pp. 29–48.

Heilbroner, David. 1990. Rough Justice: Days and Nights of a Young D.A. New York: Pantheon.

Hemmens, Craig. 2015. “Which Is Bigger – Criminology or Criminal Justice?” ACJS Today 45:21–24.

Herman, Susan. 2010. Parallel Justice for Victims of Crime. Washington DC: National Center for Victims of Crime.

Higgins, Julian P. T. and Sally Green (eds.). 2011. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. London: The Cochrane Collaboration.

Hines, Denise A. 2009. “Domestic Violence,” in Michael H. Tonry (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 115–139.

Hirschi, Travis and Michael R. Gottfredson. 1993. “Rethinking the Juvenile Justice System.” Crime and Delinquency 39:262–271.

Hirschi, Travis and Hanan C. Selvin. 1996. Delinquency Research: An Appraisal of Analytic Methods. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction.

Hoeve, Machteld, Judith S. Dubas, Veroni I. Eichelsheim, Peter H. van der Laan, Wilma Smeenk, and Jan R. M. Gerris. 2009. “The Relationship between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 37:749–775.

Holtfreter, Kristy and Travis J. Meyers. 2015. “Challenges for Cybercrime Theory, Research, and Policy.” Norwich Review of International and Transnational Crime 1:54–66.

Holtfreter, Kristy, Michael D. Reisig, and Travis C. Pratt. 2008. “Low Self-Control, Routine Activities, and Fraud Victimization.” Criminology 46:189–220.

Homans, George. 1964. “Contemporary Theory in Sociology,” in Robert E. L. Faris (ed.), Handbook of Modern Sociology. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally, pp. 951–77.

Hornblum, Allen M. 1999. Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison. New York: Routledge.

Horney, Julie, Wayne D. Osgood, and Ineke H. Marshall. 1995. “Criminal Careers in the Short-Term: Intra-Individual Variability in Crime and its Relation to Local Life Circumstances.” American Sociological Review 60:655–673.

Horton, Nicholas J. and Ken P. Kleinman. 2007. “Much Ado about Nothing: A Comparison of Missing Data Methods and Software to Fit Incomplete Data Regression Models.” The American Statistician 61:79–90.

Huddleston, C. West, Douglas B. Marlowe, and Rachel Casebolt. 2008. Painting the Current Picture: A National Report Card on Drug Courts and Other Problem-Solving Court Programs in the United States. Alexandria, VA: National Drug Court Institute.

Huebner, Beth M. and Timothy S. Bynum (eds.). 2016. The Handbook of Measurement Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Wiley.

Humes, Edward. 1996. No Matter How Loud I Shout: A Year in the Life of Juvenile Court. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Inman, Thomas. 1860. Foundation for a New Theory and Practice of Medicine. London: John Churchill.

Ioannidis, John P. A. 2005a. “Contradicted and Initially Stronger Effects in Highly Cited Clinical Research.” Journal of the American Medical Association 294:218–228.

Ioannidis, John P. A. 2005b. “Why Most Published Research Findings Are False.” PLoS Medicine 2:0696–0701.

Israel, Mark and Ian Hay. 2006. Research Ethics for Social Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Iyengar, Radha. 2009. “Does the Certainty of Arrest Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Mandatory and Recommended Arrest Laws.” Journal of Public Economics 93:85–98.

Jaccard, James and Jacob Jacoby. 2010. Theory Construction and Model-Building Skills: A Practical Guide for Social Scientists. New York: Guildford Press.

Johnson, Brian D. 2010. “Multilevel Analysis in the Study of Crime and Justice,” in Alex R. Piquero and David Weisburd (eds.), Handbook of Quantitative Criminology. New York: Springer, pp. 615–648.

Johnson, Brian D., Ryan D. King, and Cassia Spohn. 2016. “Sociolegal Approaches to the Study of Guilty Pleas and Prosecution.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 12:479–495.

Jolliffe, Darrick, David P. Farrington, Alex R. Piquero, John F. MacLeod, and Steve van de Weijer. 2017. “Prevalence of Life-Course-Persistent, Adolescence-Limited, and Late-Onset Offenders: A Systematic Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 33:4–14.

Jones, David A. 1986. History of Criminology: A Philosophical Perspective. New York: Praeger.

Jones, Mark and Peter Johnstone. 2015. History of Criminal Justice. 5th edition. New York: Routledge.

Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

Kee, James E. 2004. “Cost-Effectiveness and Cost–Benefit Analysis,” in Joseph S. Wholey, Harry P. Hatry, and Kathryn E. Newcomer (eds.), Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation, 2nd edition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 506–541.

Kellstedt, Paul M. and Guy D. Whitten. 2013. The Fundamentals of Political Science Research. 2nd edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kelly, William R. 2016. The Future of Crime and Punishment: Smart Policies for Reducing Crime and Saving Money. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Kelly, William R. 2015. Criminal Justice at the Crossroads. New York: Columbia University Press.

Kelly, William R., Robert Pittman, and William Streusand. 2017. From Retribution to Public Safety: Disruptive Innovation in American Criminal Justice. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Khan, Shamus and Dana R. Fisher (eds.). 2013. The Practice of Research: How Social Scientists Answer their Questions. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kirk, David S. 2009. “A Natural Experiment on Residential Change and Recidivism: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina.” American Sociological Review 74:484–505.

Kleck, Gary, Jongyeon Tark, and Jon J. Bellows. 2006. “What Methods Are Most Frequently Used in Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice?” Journal of Criminal Justice 34:147–152.

Kline, Rex B. 2016. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.

Knoke, David, George W. Bohrnstedt, and Alisa P. Mee. 2002. Statistics for Social Data Analysis. 4th edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Kraska, Peter B. 2006. “Criminal Justice Theory: Toward Legitimacy and an Infrastructure.” Justice Quarterly 23:167–185.

Kraska, Peter B. 2004. Theorizing Criminal Justice. Long Grove, IL: Waveland.

Kringen, Jonathan A., J. Pete Blair, and Meredith Emigh. 2018. “Pedagogical Issues in Criminal Justice: Often-Ignored Problems with Null Hypothesis Significance Testing.” ACJS Today 43:13–22.

Krippendorff, Klaus. 2004. Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Krohn, Marvin D. and Chris L. Gibson (eds.). 2013. Handbook of Life-Course Criminology: Emerging Trends and Directions for Future Research. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Kubrin, Charis E., Marjorie S. Zatz, and Ramiro Martinez, Jr. (eds.). 2012. Punishing Immigrants: Policy, Politics, and Injustice. New York University Press.

Kuhn, Thomas S. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.

Kulig, Teresa C., Travis C. Pratt, and Francis T. Cullen. 2017. “Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: A Case Study in Organized Skepticism.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 28:74–111.

Kupchik, Aaron. 2006. Judging Juveniles: Prosecuting Adolescents in Adult and Juvenile Courts. New York University Press.

Kurasaki, Karen S. 2000. “Intercoder Reliability for Validating Conclusions Drawn from Open-Ended Interview Data.” Field Methods 12:179–194.

Kurlychek, Megan C., Shawn D. Bushway, and Robert Brame. 2012. “Long-Term Crime Desistance and Recidivism Patterns – Evidence from the Essex County Convicted Felon Study.” Criminology 50:71–104.

Langton, Lynn, Marcus Berzofsky, Christopher Krebs, and Hope Smiley- McDonald. 2012. Victimizations Not Reported to the Police, 2006–2010. Washington DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Lasley, James R. 1998. Essentials of Criminal Justice and Criminology Research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Lassiter, Daniel and Noah D. Goodman. 2015. “How Many Kinds of Reasoning? Inference, Probability, and Natural Language Semantics.” Cognition 136:123–134.

Latessa, Edward J., Shelley J. Listwan, and Deborah Koetzle. 2014. What Works (and Doesn’t) in Reducing Recidivism. Waltham, MA: Anderson Publishing.

Laub, John. 2012. “Translational Criminology.” Translational Criminology 3:4–5.

Laub, John. 1983. Criminology in the Making: An Oral History. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.

Laub, John H. and Robert J. Sampson. 2003. Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lawrence, James R., Robert G. Demaree, and Gerrit Wolf. 1984. “Estimating Within-Group Interrater Reliability with and without Response Bias.” Journal of Applied Psychology 69:85–98.

Lawrence, Sarah and Daniel P. Mears. 2004. Benefit–Cost Analysis of Supermax Prisons: Critical Steps and Considerations. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.

LeBel, Thomas P., Ros Burnett, Shadd Maruna, and Shawn Bushway. 2008. “The ‘Chicken and Egg’ of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime.” European Journal of Criminology 5:130–158.

Lewin, Kurt. 1952. Field Theory in Social Science: Selected Theoretical Papers. London: Tavistock.

Lieberman, Joel D. and Daniel A. Krauss. 2016. Jury Psychology: Social Aspects of Trial Processes. New York: Routledge.

Lieberson, Stanley. 1985. Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Research and Theory. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

Liebling, Alison, Shadd Maruna, and Lesley McAra (eds.). 2017. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 6th edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lilly, J. Robert, Francis T. Cullen, and Richard A. Ball. 2015. Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences. 6th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Linden, Ariel, S. Derya Uysal, Andrew Ryan, and John L. Adams. 2016. “Estimating Causal Effects for Multivalued Treatment Treatments: A Comparison of Approaches.” Statistics in Medicine 35:534–552.

Lindsey, Andrea M., Daniel P. Mears, and Joshua C. Cochran. 2016. “The Privatization Debate: A Conceptual Framework for Improving (Public and Private) Corrections.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 32:308–327.

Lipsey, Mark W. 2009. “The Primary Factors that Characterize Effective Interventions with Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Victims and Offenders 4:124–147.

Lipsey, Mark W. 1998. “Design Sensitivity: Statistical Power for Applied Experimental Research,” in Leonard Bickman and Debra J. Rog (eds.), Hand- book of Applied Social Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 39–68.

Lipsey, Mark W., John L. Adams, Denise C. Gottfredson, John V. Pepper, and David Weisburd (eds.). 2005. Improving Evaluation of Anticrime Programs. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.

Lipsey, Mark W. and Francis T. Cullen. 2007. “The Effectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation: A Review of Systematic Reviews.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 3:297–320.

Lipsey, Mark W. and David B. Wilson. 2001. Practical Meta-Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Liska, Allen E. 1992. Social Threat and Social Control. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Liu, Hexuan and Guang Guo. 2016. “Opportunities and Challenges for the Social Sciences in the Era of Big Data: The Case of Genomic Data.” Social Science Research 59:13–22.

Loehlin, John C. 1987. Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lum, Cynthia and Daniel S. Nagin. 2017. “Reinventing American Policing.” Crime and Justice 47:339–393.

Lynch, James P. and Lynn P. Addington (eds.). 2007. Understanding Crime Statistics: Revisiting the Divergence of the NCVS and UCR. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lyons, Christopher J. 2006. “Stigma or Sympathy? Attributions of Fault to Hate Crime Victims and Offenders.” Social Psychology Quarterly 69:39–59.

MacCannell, Dean. 1990. “Working in Other Fields,” in Bennett M. Berger (ed.), Authors of their own Lives: Intellectual Autobiographies by Twenty American Sociologists. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 165–189.

MacKenzie, Doris L. 2006. What Works in Corrections: Reducing the Criminal Activities of Offenders and Delinquents. New York: Cambridge University Press.

MacKenzie, Doris L. and David P. Farrington. 2015. “Preventing Future Offending of Delinquents and Offenders: What Have We Learned from Experiments and Meta-Analyses?” Journal of Experimental Criminology 11:565–595.

Macrina, Francis L. 2014. Scientific Integrity: Text and Cases in Responsible Conduct of Research. 4th edition. Herndon, VA: ASM Press.

Maguire, Edward R. and David E. Duffee (eds.). 2015. Criminal Justice Theory: Explaining the Nature and Behavior of Criminal Justice. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.

Maguire, Edward R. and Charles M. Katz. 2002. “Community Policing, Loose Coupling, and Sensemaking in American Police Agencies.” Justice Quarterly 19:503–536.

Maguire, Mike, Rod Morgan, and Robert Reiner (eds.). 2012. The Oxford Hand- book of Criminology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Maier-Katkin, Daniel, Daniel P. Mears, and Thomas J. Bernard. 2009. “Towards a Criminology of Crimes against Humanity.” Theoretical Criminology 13:227–255.

Malcolm, Norman. 1958. Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir. New York: Oxford University Press.

Maltz, Michael D. 1984. Recidivism. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

Mancini, Christina, James C. Barnes, and Daniel P. Mears. 2013. “It Varies from State to State: An Examination of Sex Crime Laws Nationally.” Criminal Justice Policy Review 24:166–198.

Mancini, Christina and Daniel P. Mears. 2016. “Sex Offenders – America’s New Witches? A Theoretical Analysis of the Emergence of Sex Crime Laws.” Deviant Behavior 37:419–438.

Mancini, Christina and Daniel P. Mears. 2013. “The Effect of Agency Scandal on Public Views toward the Correctional System.” Criminal Justice Review 38:5–28.

Mancini, Christina and Daniel P. Mears. 2010. “To Execute or Not to Execute? Examining Public Support for Capital Punishment of Sex Offenders.” Journal of Criminal Justice 38:959–968.

Manning, Peter K. 2005. “The Study of Policing.” Police Quarterly 8:23–43.

Manza, Jeff and Christopher Uggen. 2006. Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Marini, Margaret M. and Burton Singer. 1988. “Causality in the Social Sciences,” in Clifford C. Clogg (ed.), Sociological Methodology. Washington DC: American Sociological Association, pp. 347–409.

Maruna, Shadd. 2011. “Reentry as a Rite of Passage.” Punishment and Society 13:3–28.

Maruna, Shadd. 2001. Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild their Lives. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

Maruna, Shadd and Russ Immarigeon. 2013. After Crime and Punishment: Path- ways to Offender Reintegration. New York: Routledge.

Maxfield, Michael G. and Earl R. Babbie. 2015. Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. 7th edition. Stamford, CT: Cengage.

Maxwell, Christopher D., Joel H. Garner, and Jeffrey A. Fagan. 2002. “The Preventative Effects of Arrest on Intimate Partner Violence: Research, Policy and Theory.” Criminology and Public Policy 2:51–80.

Maxwell, Christopher D., Joel H. Garner, and Jeffrey A. Fagan. 2001. The Effects of Arrest on Intimate Partner Violence: New Evidence from the Spouse Assault Replication Program. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice.

May, David C. and Peter B. Wood. 2010. Ranking Correctional Punishments: Views from Offenders, Practitioners, and the Public. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

McCleary, Richard, David McDowall, and Bradley Bartos. 2017. Design and Analysis of Time Series Experiments. New York: Oxford University Press.

McDavid, James C. and Laura R. L. Hawthorn. 2006. Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement: An Introduction to Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

McDowall, David. 2002. “Tests of Nonlinear Dynamics in U.S. Homicide Time Series, and their Implications.” Criminology 40:711–736.

McGloin, Jean M. 2009. “Delinquency Balance: Revisiting Peer Influence.” Criminology 47:439–477.

Meadows, Donella H. 2008. Thinking in Systems: A Primer. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing.

Mears, Daniel P. 2017. Out-of-Control Criminal Justice: The Systems Improvement Solution for More Safety, Justice, Accountability, and Efficiency. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mears, Daniel P. 2016a. “Critical Research Gaps in Understanding the Effects of Prolonged Time in Restrictive Housing on Inmates and the Institutional Environment,” in Marie Garcia (ed.), Restrictive Housing in the U.S.: Issues, Challenges, and Future Directions. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice, pp. 233–295.

Mears, Daniel P. 2016b. “Policy Evaluation and Assessment,” in Thomas G. Blomberg, Julie M. Brancale, Kevin M. Beaver, and William D. Bales (eds.), Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy. New York: Routledge, pp. 26–39.

Mears, Daniel P. 2013. “Supermax Prisons: The Policy and the Evidence.” Criminology and Public Policy 12:681–719.

Mears, Daniel P. 2012a. “The Front End of the Juvenile Court: Intake and Informal vs. Formal Processing,” in Barry C. Feld and Donna M. Bishop (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 573–605.

Mears, Daniel P. 2012b. “The Prison Experience.” Journal of Criminal Justice 40:345–347.

Mears, Daniel P. 2010. American Criminal Justice Policy: An Evaluation Approach to Increasing Accountability and Effectiveness. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mears, Daniel P. 2008a. “Accountability, Efficiency, and Effectiveness in Corrections: Shining a Light on the Black Box of Prison Systems.” Criminology and Public Policy 7:143–152.

Mears, Daniel P. 2008b. “An Assessment of Supermax Prisons Using an Evaluation Research Framework.” Prison Journal 88:43–68.

Mears, Daniel P. 2007. “Towards Rational and Evidence-Based Crime Policy.” Journal of Criminal Justice 35:667–682.

Mears, Daniel P. 2006. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Supermax Prisons. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.

Mears, Daniel P. 2005. “A Critical Look at Supermax Prisons.” Corrections Compendium 30: 45–49.

Mears, Daniel P. 2004. “Mental Health Needs and Services in the Criminal Justice System.” Houston Journal of Health Law and Policy 4:255–284.

Mears, Daniel P. 2002. “The Ubiquity, Functions, and Contexts of Bullshitting.” Journal of Mundane Behavior 3:233–256.

Mears, Daniel P. 2001a. “Critical Challenges in Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Juvenile Offenders.” Justice Policy Journal 1:41–61.

Mears, Daniel P. 2001b. “The Immigration–Crime Nexus: Toward an Analytic Framework for Assessing and Guiding Theory, Research, and Policy.” Sociological Perspectives 44:1–19.

Mears, Daniel P. 1998. “The Sociology of Sentencing: Reconceptualizing Decisionmaking Processes and Outcomes.” Law and Society Review 32:667–724.

Mears, Daniel P. and Sarah Bacon. 2009. “Improving Criminal Justice through Better Decisionmaking: Lessons from the Medical System.” Journal of Criminal Justice 37:142–154.

Mears, Daniel P. and James C. Barnes. 2010. “Toward a Systematic Foundation for Identifying Evidence-Based Criminal Justice Sanctions and their Relative Effectiveness.” Journal of Criminal Justice 38:702–810.

Mears, Daniel P. and Avinash S. Bhati. 2006. “No Community Is an Island: The Effects of Resource Deprivation on Urban Violence in Spatially and Socially Proximate Communities.” Criminology 44:509–548.

Mears, Daniel P. and Jennifer L. Castro. 2006. “Wardens’ Views on the Wisdom of Supermax Prisons.” Crime and Delinquency 52:398–431.

Mears, Daniel P. and Joshua C. Cochran. 2018. “Progressively Tougher Sanctioning and Recidivism: Assessing the Effects of Different Types of Sanctions.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55:194–241.

Mears, Daniel P. and Joshua C. Cochran. 2015. Prisoner Reentry in the Era of Mass Incarceration. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Mears, Daniel P. and Joshua C. Cochran. 2013. “What Is the Effect of IQ on Offending?” Criminal Justice and Behavior 40:1280–1300.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, William D. Bales, and Avinash S. Bhati. 2016a. “Recidivism and Time Served in Prison.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 106:83–124.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, and Kevin M. Beaver. 2013a. “Self-Control Theory and Nonlinear Effects on Offending.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 29:447–476.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, and Francis T. Cullen. 2015. “Incarceration Heterogeneity and its Implications for Assessing the Effectiveness of Imprisonment on Recidivism.” Criminal Justice Policy Review 26:691–712.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, Sarah J. Greenman, Avinash S. Bhati, and Mark A. Greenwald. 2011. “Evidence on the Effectiveness of Juvenile Court Sanctions.” Journal of Criminal Justice 39:509–520.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, and Andrea M. Lindsey. 2016b. “Offending and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Criminal Justice: A Conceptual Framework for Guiding Theory and Research and Informing Policy.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 32:78–103.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua C. Cochran, and Sonja E. Siennick. 2013b. “Life-Course Perspectives and Prisoner Reentry,” in Marvin D. Krohn and Chris L. Gibson (eds.), Handbook of Life-Course Criminology: Emerging Trends and Directions for Future Research. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 317–333.

Mears, Daniel P., Miltonette O. Craig, Eric A. Stewart, and Patricia Y. Warren. 2017a. “Thinking Fast, Not Slow: How Cognitive Biases May Contribute to Racial Disparities in the Use of Force in Police–Citizen Encounters.” Journal of Criminal Justice 53:12–24.

Mears, Daniel P., Carter Hay, Marc Gertz, and Christina Mancini. 2007. “Public Opinion and the Foundation of the Juvenile Court.” Criminology 45:223–258.

Mears, Daniel P., Joshua J. Kuch, Andrea M. Lindsey, Sonja E. Siennick, George B. Pesta, Mark A. Greenwald, and Thomas G. Blomberg. 2016c. “Juvenile Court and Contemporary Diversion: Helpful, Harmful, or Both?” Criminology and Public Policy 15:953–981.

Mears, Daniel P., Melissa Moon, and Angela J. Thielo. 2017b. “Columbine Revisited: Myths and Realities about the Bullying–School Shootings Connection.” Victims and Offenders 12:939–955.

Mears, Daniel P., Matthew Ploeger, and Mark Warr. 1998. “Explaining the Gender Gap in Delinquency: Peer Influence and Moral Evaluations of Behavior.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35:251–266.

Mears, Daniel P. and Michael D. Reisig. 2006. “The Theory and Practice of Supermax Prisons.” Punishment and Society 8:33–57.

Mears, Daniel P. and Sonja E. Siennick. 2016. “Young Adult Outcomes and the Life-Course Penalties of Parental Incarceration.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 53:3–35.

Mears, Daniel P. and Mark C. Stafford. 2002. “Central Analytical Issues in the Generation of Cumulative Sociological Knowledge.” Sociological Focus 35:5–24.

Mears, Daniel P., Eric A. Stewart, Sonja E. Siennick, and Ronald L. Simons. 2013c. “The Code of the Street and Inmate Violence: Investigating the Salience of Imported Belief Systems.” Criminology 51:695–728.

Mears, Daniel P., Eric A. Stewart, Patricia Y. Warren, and Ronald L. Simons. 2017c. “Culture and Formal Social Control: The Effect of the Code of the Street on Police and Court Decisionmaking.” Justice Quarterly 34:217–247.

Mears, Daniel P., Xia Wang, and William D. Bales. 2014. “Does a Rising Tide Lift All Boats? Labor Market Changes and their Effects on the Recidivism of Released Prisoners.” Justice Quarterly 31:822–851.

Mears, Daniel P. and Jamie Watson. 2006. “Towards a Fair and Balanced Assessment of Supermax Prisons.” Justice Quarterly 23:232–270.

Merton, Robert K. 1995. “The Thomas Theorem and the Matthew Effect.” Social Forces 74:379–424.

Merton, Robert K. 1973. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. University of Chicago Press.

Merton, Robert K. 1968. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.

Merton, Robert K. 1938. “Social Structure and Anomie.” American Sociological Review 22:635–639.

Messner, Steven F. 1983. “Regional and Racial Effects on the Urban Homicide Rate: The Subculture of Violence Revisited.” American Journal of Sociology 88:997–1007.

Messner, Steven F., Marvin D. Krohn, and Allen E. Liska (eds.). 1989. Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Miles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Salda–a. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Miller, Jody and Wilson R. Palacios (eds.). 2015. Qualitative Research in Criminology. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Miller, Walter B. 1973. “Ideology and Criminal Justice Policy: Some Current Issues.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 64:141–162.

Mills, C. Wright. 1959. The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mitchell, Kimberly J., David Finkelhor, Lisa M. Jones, and Janis Wolak. 2012. “Prevalence and Characteristics of Youth Sexting: A National Study.” Pediatrics 129:13–20.

Mitchell, Ojmarrh. 2005. “A Meta-Analysis of Race and Sentencing Research: Explaining the Inconsistencies.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 21:439–466.

Mitchell, Ojmarrh, Joshua C. Cochran, Daniel P. Mears, and William D. Bales. 2017. “Examining Prison Effects on Recidivism: A Regression Discontinuity Approach.” Justice Quarterly 34:571–596.

Morgan, Stephen L. and Christopher Winship. 2015. Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research. Cambridge University Press.

Morris, Albert. 1975. “The American Society of Criminology: A History, 1941–1974.” Criminology 13:123–167.

Morris, Norval. 2002. Maconochie’s Gentlemen: The Story of Norfolk Island and the Roots of Modern Prison Reform. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mukherjee, Siddhartha. 2016. The Gene: An Intimate History. New York: Scribner.

Mukherjee, Siddhartha. 2010. The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. New York: Scribner.

Mulvey, Edward P. and Carol A. Schubert. 2017. “Mentally Ill Individuals in Jails and Prisons.” Crime and Justice 46:231–277.

Mumola, Christopher J. 2000. Incarcerated Parents and their Children. Washington DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Nagin, Daniel S. 2013. “Deterrence: A Review of the Evidence by a Criminologist for Economists.” Annual Review of Economics 5:83–105.

Nagin, Daniel S. 2005. Group-Based Modeling of Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Nagin, Daniel S. 2001. “Measuring the Economic Benefits of Developmental Prevention Programs.” Crime and Justice 28:347–384.

Nagin, Daniel S., Francis T. Cullen, and Cheryl L. Jonson. 2009. “Imprisonment and Reoffending.” Crime and Justice 38:115–200.

Nagin, Daniel S. and John V. Pepper (eds.). 2012. Deterrence and the Death Penalty. Washington DC: National Academies Press.

National Institute of Justice. 2006. Drug Courts: The Second Decade. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice.

Okasha, Samir. 2002. Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.

Oliver, William M. 2014. The History of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS): Celebrating 50 Years, 1963–2013. Greenbelt, MD: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.

Oreskes, Naomi and Erik M. Conway. 2010. Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. New York: Bloomsbury Press.

Osgood, Wayne D. 2010. “Statistical Models of Life Events and Criminal Behavior,” in Alex R. Piquero and David Weisburd (eds.), Handbook of Quantitative Criminology. New York: Springer, pp. 375–396.

Osgood, D. Wayne, Barbara J. McMorris, and Maria T. Potenza. 2002. “Analyzing Multiple-Item Measures of Crime and Deviance I: Item Response Theory Scaling.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 18:267–296.

Parker, Karen F. 2008. Unequal Crime Decline: Theorizing Race, Urban Inequality, and Criminal Violence. New York University Press.

Parsons, Talcott. 1977. Social Systems and the Evolution of Action Theory. New York: Free Press.

Parsons, Talcott. 1968 [1937]. The Structure of Social Action. New York: Free Press.

Parsons, Talcott, Edward Shils, Kaspar Naegele, and Jesse R. Pitts (eds.). 1961. Theories of Society. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Paternoster, Raymond. 2010. “How Much Do We Really Know about Criminal Deterrence?” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 100:765–824.

Paternoster, Raymond, Ronet Bachman, Erin Kerrison, Daniel O’Connell, and Lionel Smith. 2016. “Desistance from Crime and Identity: An Empirical Test with Survival Time.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 43:1204–1224.

Paternoster, Raymond, Robert Brame, and Sarah Bacon. 2007. The Death Penalty: America’s Experience with Capital Punishment. New York: Oxford University Press.

Patton, Michael Q. 2015. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Peffley, Mark and Jon Hurwitz. 2010. Justice in America: The Separate Realities of Blacks and Whites. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Petersilia, Joan. 2011. “Community Corrections: Probation, Parole, and Prisoner Reentry,” in James Q. Wilson and Joan Petersilia (eds.), Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 499–531.

Petersilia, Joan. 2003. When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York: Oxford University Press.

Petersilia, Joan. 1991. “Policy Relevance and the Future of Criminology.” Criminology 29:1–16.

Petersilia, Joan and Kevin R. Reitz (eds.). 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections. New York: Oxford University Press.

Pickett, Justin T. 2017. “Methodological Myths and the Role of Appeals in Criminal Justice Journals: The Case of Response Rates.” ACJS Today 42:61–69.

Pickett, Justin T., Christina Mancini, and Daniel P. Mears. 2013. “Vulnerable Victims, Monstrous Offenders, and Unmanageable Risk: Explaining Public Opinion on the Social Control of Sex Crime.” Criminology 51:729–759.

Pickett, Justin T., Christina Mancini, Daniel P. Mears, and Marc Gertz. 2015. “Public (Mis)Understanding of Crime Policy: The Effects of Criminal Justice Experience and Media Reliance.” Criminal Justice Policy Review 26:500–522.

Piehl, Anne M. and Shawn D. Bushway. 2007. “Measuring and Explaining Charge Bargaining.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 23:105–125.

Piehl, Anne M. and Stefan F. LoBuglio. 2005. “Does Supervision Matter?” in Jeremy Travis and Christy Visher (eds.), Prisoner Reentry and Public Safety in America. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 105–138.

Pifferi, Michele. 2016. Reinventing Punishment: A Comparative History of Criminology and Penology in the 19th and 20th Century. New York: Oxford University Press.

Piquero, Alex R. and David Weisburd. 2010. Handbook of Quantitative Criminology. New York: Springer.

Pollack, Harold A. 2017. “Dealing More Effectively with Problematic Substance Use and Crime.” Crime and Justice 46:159–200.

Popper, Karl. 2002. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Routledge.

Pratt, Travis C. (ed.). 2012. Advancing Quantitative Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Pratt, Travis C., Jillian J. Turanovic, and Francis T. Cullen. 2016. “Revisiting the Criminological Consequences of Exposure to Fetal Testosterone: A Meta- Analysis of the 2D:4D Digit Ratio.” Criminology 54:587–620.

President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. 1967. The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.

Pridemore, William A. and Tony H. Grubesic. 2013. “Alcohol Outlets and Community Levels of Interpersonal Violence: Spatial Density, Outlet Type, and Seriousness of Assault.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50:132–159.

Rafter, Nicole. 2011. “Origins of Criminology,” in Mary Bosworth and Carolyn Hoyle (eds.), What Is Criminology? New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 143–156.

Rafter, Nicole. (ed.). 2009. The Origins of Criminology: A Reader. New York: Routledge.

RAND. 1996. Guidelines for Preparing Briefings. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.

Raphael, Steven and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer. 2001. “Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime.” Journal of Law and Economics 44:259–283.

Ratcliffe, Jerry, Travis Taniguchi, Elizabeth R. Groff, and Jennifer D. Wood. 2011. “The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Police Patrol Effectiveness in Violent Crime Hotspots.” Criminology 49:795–831.

Reaves, Brian A. 2013. Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 2009 – Statistical Tables. Washington DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Reichertz, Jo. 2014. “Induction, Deduction, Abduction,” in Uwe Flick (ed.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 123–135.

Reisig, Michael D. 2010. “Community and Problem-Oriented Policing.” Crime and Justice 39:1–53.

Reisig, Michael D. and Robert J. Kane (eds.). 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing. New York: Oxford University Press.

Reynolds, Paul D. 2006. A Primer in Theory Construction. New York: Routledge.

Ridgeway, Greg. 2013. “Linking Prediction and Prevention.” Criminology and Public Policy 12:545–550.

Ridgeway, Greg and John M. MacDonald. 2014. “A Method for Internal Bench- marking of Criminal Justice System Performance.” Crime and Delinquency 60:145–162.

Ripley, Amanda. 2016. “At Least 22 States Make It a Crime to Disturb School in Ways that Teenagers Are Wired to Do. Why Did This Happen? How America Outlawed Adolescence.” The Atlantic Monthly, November, pp. 86–96.

Riveland, Chase. 1999. Supermax Prisons: Overview and General Considerations. Washington DC: National Institute of Corrections.

Roberts, Julian V. 2008. “Punishing Persistence: Explaining the Enduring Appeal of the Recidivist Sentencing Premium.” British Journal of Criminology 48:468–481.

Roberts, Julian V. and Mike Hough. 2005. Understanding Public Attitudes to Criminal Justice. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.

Roberts, Julian V. and Loretta Stalans. 2000. Public Opinion, Crime, and Criminal Justice. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Rocque, Michael. 2017. Desistance from Crime: New Advances in Theory and Research. New York: Macmillan.

Rodriguez, Nancy. 2010. “The Cumulative Effect of Race and Ethnicity in Juvenile Court Outcomes and Why Preadjudication Detention Matters.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 47:391–413.

Rojek, Jeff, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Hayden P. Smith. 2012. “Examining Officer and Citizen Use-of-Force Incidents.” Crime and Delinquency 58:301–327.

Roman, John and Christine DeStefano. 2004. “Drug Court Effects and the Quality of Existing Evidence,” in Jeffrey A. Butts and John Roman (eds.), Juvenile Drug Courts and Teen Substance Abuse. Washington DC: The Urban Institute, pp. 107–135.

Roman, John, Terry Dunworth, and Kevin Marsh. 2010. Cost–Benefit Analysis and Crime Control. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.

Rossi, Peter H. 1980. “The Presidential Address: The Challenge and Opportunities of Applied Social Research.” American Sociological Review 45:889–904.

Rossi, Peter H., Mark W. Lipsey, and Howard E. Freeman. 2004. Evaluation: A Systematic Approach. 7th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rossman, Shelli B., John K. Roman, Janine M. Zweig, Michael Rempel, and Christine H. Lindquist (eds.). 2011. The Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation: The Impact of Drug Courts. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.

Rubin, Ashley T. 2012. “The Unintended Consequences of Penal Reform: A Case Study of Penal Transportation in Eighteenth-Century London.” Law and Society Review 46:815–851.

Sampson, Robert J. 2013. “The Place of Context: A Theory and Strategy for Criminology’s Hard Problems.” Criminology 51:1–32.

Sampson, Robert J. 2012. Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. University of Chicago Press.

Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1993. Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points through Life. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

Sampson, Robert. J., Stephen. W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. “Neighbor- hoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.” Science 277:918–924.

Sampson, Robert J., Christopher Winship, and Carly Knight. 2013. “Translating Causal Claims: Principles and Strategies for Policy-Relevant Criminology.” Criminology and Public Policy 12:587–616.

Sanders, Lisa. 2009. Every Patient Tells a Story: Medical Mysteries and the Art of Diagnosis. New York: Broadway Books.

Scarborough, Kathryn E. and Pamela A. Collins. 2002. Women in Public and Private Law Enforcement. Woburn, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.

Scarre, Geoffrey. 2003. “Corporal Punishment.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 6:295–316.

Schaefer, Lacey, Francis T. Cullen, and John E. Eck. 2016. Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Seife, Charles. 2000. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea. New York: Penguin.

Shaw, Clifford and Henry McKay. 1969. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. University of Chicago Press.

Sherman, Lawrence W. 2004. “Research and Policing: The Infrastructure and Political Economy of Federal Funding.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 593:156–178.

Sherman, Lawrence W. 2003a. “Misleading Evidence and Evidence-Led Policy: Making Social Science More Experimental.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 589:6–19.

Sherman, Lawrence W. 2003b. “Reason for Emotion: Reinventing Justice with Theories, Innovations, and Research – the American Society of Criminology 2002 Presidential Address.” Criminology 41:1–38.

Sherman, Lawrence W. 1993. “Defiance, Deterrence and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30:445–473.

Sherman, Lawrence W. and Richard A. Berk. 1984. “The Specific Deterrent Effects of Arrest for Domestic Assault.” American Sociological Review 49:261–271.

Siennick, Sonja E., Daniel P. Mears, and William D. Bales. 2013. “Here and Gone: Anticipation and Separation Effects of Prison Visits on Inmate Infractions.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50:417–444.

Silver, Nate. 2012. The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail – But Some Don’t. New York: Penguin.

Simon, Dan. 2012. In Doubt: The Psychology of the Criminal Justice Process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Singer, Simon I. 1996. Recriminalizing Delinquency: Violent Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice Reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Skolnick, Jerome. 1966. Justice without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society. New York: Wiley.

Smith, Sven, Chris Ferguson, and Kevin Beaver. 2018. “A Longitudinal Analysis of Shooter Games and their Relationship with Conduct Disorder and Self-Reported Delinquency.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 58:48–53.

Snipes, Jeffrey B. and Edward R. Maguire. 2015. “Foundations of Criminal Justice Theory,” in Edward R. Maguire and David E. Duffee (eds.), Criminal Justice Theory: Explaining the Nature and Behavior of Criminal Justice. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, pp. 27–54.

Sokol, Daniel K. 2013. “‘First Do No Harm’ Revisited.” British Medical Journal 347:1–2.

Sorensen, Jon, Clete Snell, and John J. Rodriguez. 2006. “An Assessment of Criminal Justice and Criminology Journal Prestige.” Journal of Criminal Justice Edu- cation 17:297–322.

Sparks, Richard, Anthony E. Bottoms, and Will Hay. 1996. Prisons and the Problem of Order. Oxford University Press.

Spohn, Cassia. 2018. “Reflections on the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion 50 Years after Publication of The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society.” Criminology and Public Policy 17:321–340.

Spohn, Cassia. 2013. “Racial Disparities in Prosecution, Sentencing, and Punishment,” in Sandra M. Bucerius and Michael Tonry (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 166–193.

Stafford, Mark C., Louis N. Gray, Ben A. Menke, and David A. Ward. 1986. “Modeling the Deterrent Effects of Punishment.” Social Psychology Quarterly 49:338–347.

Stafford, Mark C. and Daniel P. Mears. 2015. “Causation, Theory, and Policy in the Social Sciences,” in Robert A. Scott and Stephen M. Kosslyn (eds.), Emerging Trends in the Behavioral and Social Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 1–14.

Staley, Kent W. 2014. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Starr, June and Jane F. Collier (eds.). 1989. History and Power in the Study of Law. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Steffensmeier, Darrell J. 1986. The Fence: In the Shadow of Two Worlds. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.

Steiner, Benjamin and John Wooldredge. 2014. “Comparing Self-Report to Official Measures of Inmate Misconduct.” Justice Quarterly 31:1074–1101.

Steinmetz, Kevin F., Brian P. Schaefer, Rolando V. del Carmen, and Craig Hemmens. 2014. “Assessing the Boundaries between Criminal Justice and Criminology.” Criminal Justice Review 39:357–376.

Stewart, David W. and Prem N. Shamdasani. 2015. Focus Groups: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Stewart, Eric A. and Ronald L. Simons. 2010. “Race, Code of the Street, and Violent Delinquency: A Multilevel Investigation of Neighborhood Street Culture and Individual Norms of Violence.” Criminology 48:569–605.

Stults, Brian J. and Eric P. Baumer. 2007. “Racial Threat and Police Force Size: Evaluating the Empirical Validity of the Minority Threat Perspective.” American Journal of Sociology 113:507–546.

Sullivan, Christopher J. 2013. “Computer Simulation Experiments and the Development of Criminological Theory,” in Brandon C. Welsh, Anthony A. Braga, and Gerben J. N. Bruinsma (eds.), Experimental Criminology: Prospects for Advancing Science and Public Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 65–89.

Surette, Ray. 2015. Media, Crime, and Criminal Justice: Images, Realities, and Policies. 5th edition. Stamford, CT: Cengage.

Sutherland, Edwin H. 1934. Principles of Criminology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.

Swanson, Richard A. and Thomas J. Chermack. 2013. Theory Building in Applied Disciplines. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.

Swedberg, Richard. 2014. The Art of Social Theory. Princeton University Press.

Sweeten, Gary. 2012. “Scaling Criminal Offending.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 28:533–557.

Sykes, Gresham M. 1958. The Society of Captives. Princeton University Press.

Takhteyev, Yuri, Anatoliy Gruzd, and Barry Wellman. 2012. “Geography of Twitter Networks.” Social Networks 34:73–81.

Tanner-Smith, Emily E., Mark W. Lipsey, and David B. Wilson. 2016. “Juvenile Drug Court Effects on Recidivism and Drug Use: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.” Journal of Experimental Criminology 12:477–513.

Taxman, Faye S. (ed.). 2017. Handbook on Risk and Need Assessment: Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge.

Taylor, Rae. 2009. “Slain and Slandered: A Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Femicide in Crime News.” Homicide Studies 13:21–49.

Theall, Katherine P., Zoe H. Brett, Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff, Erin C. Dunn, and Stacy S. Drury. 2013. “Neighborhood Disorder and Telomeres: Connecting Children’s Exposure to Community Level Stress and Cellular Response.” Social Science & Medicine 85:50–58.

Thomas, W. I. and Dorothy S. Thomas. 1928. The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs. New York: Knopf.

Tita, George E. and Steven M. Radil. 2010 a. “Theorizing Space and Place for Spatial Analysis in Criminology.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 26:467–479.

Tita, George E. and Steven M. Radil. 2010b. “Spatial Regression Models in Criminology: Modeling Social Processes in the Spatial Weights Matrix,” in Alex R. Piquero and David Weisburd (eds.), Handbook of Quantitative Criminology. New York: Springer, pp. 101–121.

Thistlewaite, Amy B. and John D. Wooldredge (eds.). 2014. Forty Studies that Changed Criminal Justice: Explorations into the History of Criminal Justice Research. 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Tonry, Michael H. 2014. “Why Crime Rates Are Falling throughout the Western World.” Crime and Justice 43:1–63.

Tonry, Michael H. (ed.). 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

Tonry, Michael H. (ed.). 2009. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Travis, Jeremy, Bruce Western, and Steven Redburn (eds.). 2014. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.

Turanovic, Jillian J. and Travis C. Pratt. 2014. “‘Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop’: Self- Control, Risky Lifestyles, and Repeat Victimization.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 30:29–56.

Turanovic, Jillian J. and Nancy Rodriguez. 2017. “Mental Health Service Needs in the Prison Boom: The Case of Children of Incarcerated Mothers.” Criminal Justice Policy Review 28:415–436.

Turco, Catherine and Ezra Zuckerman. 2017. “Verstehen Sociology: Comment on Watts.” American Journal of Sociology 122:1272–1791.

Turow, Scott. 1977. One L: The Turbulent True Story of a First Year at Harvard Law School. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.

Tyler, Tom R. 2006. Why People Obey the Law. Princeton University Press.

Tyson, Neil deGrasse. 2016. “In Science, When Human Behavior Enters the Equation, Things Go Nonlinear. That’s Why Physics Is Easy and Sociology Is Hard.” [Tweet]. Available online at https://twitter.com/neiltyson/status/ 695759776752496640?lang=en.

Tyson, Neil deGrasse. 2014. The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of America’s Favorite Planet. New York: Norton.

Uggen, Christopher and Suzy McElrath. 2014. “Parental Incarceration: What We Know and Where We Need to Go.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 104:597–604.

Ulmer, Jeffery T. 2012. “Recent Developments and New Directions in Sentencing Research.” Justice Quarterly 29:1–40.

Ulmer, Jeffery T. and Julia Laskorunsky. 2016. “Sentencing Disparities,” in Thomas G. Blomberg, Julie M. Brancale, Kevin M. Beaver, and William D. Bales (eds.), Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy. New York: Routledge, pp. 170–186.

Unnever, James D. 2014. “Race, Crime, and Public Opinion,” in Sandra M. Bucerius and Michael H. Tonry (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 70–106.

Useem, Bert and Anne M. Piehl. 2008. Prison State: The Challenge of Mass Incarceration. New York: Cambridge University Press.

van der Werff, Steven J. A., Bernet M. Elzinga, Annika S. Smit, and Nic J. A. van der Wee. 2017. “Structural Brain Correlates of Resilience to Stress in Dutch Police Officers.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 85:172–178.

Van Ness, Daniel W. and Karen H. Strong. 2015. Restoring Justice: An Introduction to Restorative Justice. 5th edition. New York: Routledge.

Villettaz, Patrice, Gwladys GilliŽron, and Martin Killias. 2014. The Effects on Re- Offending of Custodial versus Non-Custodial Sanctions: An Updated Systematic Review of the State of Knowledge. Stockholm: Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention.

Vito, Gennaro F. and George E. Higgins. 2015. Practical Program Evaluation for Criminal Justice. New York: Elsevier.

Vohs, Kathleen D. and Roy F. Baumeister (eds.). 2016. Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications. 3rd edition. New York: Guilford.

von Hirsch, Andrew and Andrew Ashworth (eds.). 1992. Principled Sentencing. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.

Walker, Samuel. 1998. Popular Justice: A History of American Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

Walker, Samuel and Charles M. Katz. 2017. The Police in America. 9th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Wallander, Lisa. 2009. “25 Years of Factorial Surveys in Sociology: A Review.” Social Science Research 38:505–520.

Wang, Xia and Daniel P. Mears. 2015. “Sentencing and State-Level Racial and Ethnic Contexts.” Law and Society Review 49:883–915.

Wang, Xia and Daniel P. Mears. 2010a. “A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 26:191–215.

Wang, Xia and Daniel P. Mears. 2010b. “Examining the Direct and Interactive Effects of Changes in Racial and Ethnic Threat on Sentencing Decisions.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 47:522–557.

Wang, Xia, Daniel P. Mears, Cassia C. Spohn, and Lisa Dario. 2013. “Assessing the Differential Effects of Race and Ethnicity on Sentencing Outcomes under Different Sentencing Systems.” Crime and Delinquency 59:87–114.

Warren, Patricia Y., Donald Tomaskovic-Devey, William R. Smith, Matthew Zingraff, and Marcinda Mason. 2006. “Driving While Black: Bias Processes and Racial Disparity in Stops.” Criminology 44:709–736.

Warren, Robert. 2016. “One Thing I Learned by Editing Sociology of Education.” Sociology of Education Newsletter 19:3–5.

Watts, Duncan J. 2017. “Response to Turco and Zuckerman’s ‘Verstehen for Sociology.’” American Journal of Sociology 122:1292–1299.

Watts, Duncan J. 2014. “Common Sense and Sociological Explanations.” Ameri- can Journal of Sociology 120:313–351.

Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Vol. 1. Translated by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

Weber, Max. 1949. On the Methodology of the Social Sciences, translated and edited by Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Weber, Max. 1946. “Science as a Vocation,” in H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (eds. and trans.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 129–156.

Weinberg, Steven. 2015. To Explain the World: The Discovery of Modern Science. New York: Harper.

Weiner, Tim. 2012. Enemies: A History of the FBI. New York: Random House.

Weisburd, David, David P. Farrington, and Charlotte Gill. 2017. “What Works in Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation: An Assessment of Systematic Reviews.” Criminology and Public Policy 16:415–449.

Weiss, Carol H., Erin Murphy-Graham, Anthony Petrosino, and Allison G. Gandhi. 2008. “The Fairy Godmother – and Her Warts: Making the Dream of Evidence-Based Policy Come True.” American Journal of Evaluation 29:29–47.

Welsh, Brandon C., Anthony A. Braga, and Gerben J. N. Bruinsma (eds.). 2013. Experimental Criminology: Prospects for Advancing Science and Public Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Welsh, Brandon C. and David P. Farrington. 2000. “Monetary Costs and Benefits of Crime Prevention Programs.” Crime and Justice 27:305–361.

Welsh, Brandon C., Gregory M. Zimmerman, and Steven N. Zane. 2018. “The Centrality of Theory in Modern Day Crime Prevention: Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities.” Justice Quarterly 35:139–161.

Wener, Richard E. 2012. The Environmental Psychology of Prisons and Jails: Creating Humane Spaces in Secure Settings. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Williams, Franklin P., III and Marilyn D. McShane. 2014. Criminological Theory. 6th edition. New York: Pearson.

Williams, Matthew L. and Pete Burnap. 2016. “Cyberhate on Social Media in the Aftermath of Woolwich: A Case Study in Computational Criminology and Big Data.” British Journal of Criminology 56:211–238.

Wilson, David B., Ojmarrh Mitchell, and Doris L. MacKenzie. 2006. “A Systematic Review of Drug Court Effects on Recidivism.” Journal of Experimental Criminology 2:459–487.

Wincup, Emma. 2017. Criminological Research: Understanding Qualitative Methods. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Winship, Christopher and Stephen L. Morgan. 1999. “The Estimation of Causal Effects from Observational Data.” Annual Review of Sociology 25:659–707.

Wolfgang, Marvin E. 1963. “Criminology and the Criminologist.” Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science 54:155–162.

Wolfgang, Marvin E. 1961. “Pioneers in Criminology: Cesare Lombroso (1825–1909).” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 52:361–391.

Wolfgang, Marvin E. and Franco Ferracuti. 1967. The Subculture of Violence. London: Tavistock.

Wooldredge, John, James Frank, Natalie Goulette, and Lawrence Travis III. 2015. “Is the Impact of Cumulative Disadvantage on Sentencing Greater for Black Defendants?” Criminology and Public Policy 14:187–223.

Wooldredge, John and Paula Smith (eds.). 2016. The Oxford Handbook of Prisons and Imprisonment. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wright, John P. and Kevin M. Beaver. 2014. “Teaching Criminological Taboo.” ACJS Today 39:1–13.

Wright, Ronald F. 2017. “Reinventing American Prosecution Systems.” Crime and Justice 47:395–439.

Wright, Ronald F. and Marc L. Miller. 2002. “The Screening/Bargaining Trade- off.” Stanford Law Review 55:29–118.

Yaffee, Robert A. 2000. Introduction to Time Series Analysis and Forecasting. New York: Academic Press.

Yau, Nathan. 2011. Visualize This: The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.

Yoffe, Emily. 2017. “Innocence Is Relevant.” The Atlantic Monthly 320:66–74.

Završnik, Aleš (ed.). 2017. Big Data, Crime and Social Control. New York: Routledge.

Zimbardo, Philip G., Curtis Banks, Craig Haney, and David Jaffe. 1973. A Pirandellian Prison: The Mind Is a Formidable Jailer.” New York Times Magazine 8:38–60.